Prevalencia de Obesidad, Diabetes Mellitus, Hipertensión Arterial e Hipercolesterolemia como Factores de Riesgo Coronario y Cerebrovascular en Población Adulta de la Costa, Sierra y Selva del Perú

Abstract

Coronary heart disease and stroke have been pointed out as the main cause of adult Peruvian population mortality, directly related to risk factors such as obesity, diabetes (DM), hypertension (HT), hypercholesterolemia, and tabaquism. The present study reports the prevalence of these factors among subjects = 18 y.o. in 2 coastal urban populations, Castilla (Piura) and Urb. Ingeniería (Lima), 2 urban-rural, Tarapoto and Ancash and 2 rural villages in the jungle, Wayku and Cuñumbuque (San Martín). The highest prevalences were observed in Castilla and in the second place in Urb. Ingeniería, and the lowest ones in Wayku and Cuñumbuque. The prevalences of obesity were 36.7% in Castilla, 22.8% in Ingeniería, 18.3% in Huaraz, 17% in Tarapoto, O% in Wayku, and 11% in Cuñumbuque; the ones of DM 6.7%, 7.6%, 1.3%, 4.4%, 3.7% and 2%, respectively; the prevalences of HTA were 33% in Castilla and Ingeniería, 19.5% in Huaraz, 21 .8% in Tarapoto, and 5% in Wayku, and the corresponding to hypercholesterolemia 47 .2%, 22. 7%, 10.6%, 20.4% in the first four and no a single case in Wayku. About 70% of the population is affected by one single factor, 20% by two and 7% by three. In conclusion, the significant prevalence of these risk factors demonstrated its actual epidemiological impact and the need for a continuous screening to counteract the high mortality rate. Key words: Cardiovascular risk factors, prevalence, diabetes, hypertension, obesity, hiperlipidaemia.